Articles and Facts
Convicts, Children, Marines, Crews and who died.
|
Category |
Embarked |
Born on
Voyage |
Died or
left Voyage |
Landed at
Sydney Cove |
|
Officials & Passengers |
15 |
|
1 |
14 |
|
Marines |
247 |
|
2 |
245 |
|
Marines' Wives |
32 |
|
1 |
31 |
|
Marines' Children |
14 |
|
|
14 |
|
Marines' Children - Born |
|
10 |
1 |
9 |
|
Ship's crew |
323 |
|
17 |
306 |
|
Convicts |
775 |
|
43 |
732 |
|
Convicts' Children - Embarked |
14 |
|
3 |
11 |
|
Convicts' Children - Born |
|
12 |
1 |
11 |
|
Totals |
1420 |
22 |
69 |
1373 |
Reference to Above Table:
Articles
"I saw the land very clearly, but it was a case of so near and yet so far, as the winds blowing against us could no more approach Botany Bay and pass through the heads to anchor than a man can climb a greasy pole."
Captain Phillip - HMS SUPPLY January 13 1788
* * *
"Today the long awaited day eventually came as Supply hauled into Botany Bay. At three, Lt. Dawes, King and myself and some officers on the Supply landed on the north side . . . We observed some natives. I think it is easy to conceive the ridiculous figure we must appear to these poor creatures, who are perfectly naked."
Captain Phillip - 18 January 1788
* * *
"This is our country, this is our home,
This is our future, this is our hope,
A land of reaping, a land of harvest,
This is our land, this is our home."
Geoff Bullock
The Ships of the First Fleet
Background information
On Sunday 13th May, 1787 eleven small ships carrying about 1,500 people set sail from Portsmouth, England on an epic voyage
of over 13,000 miles (20,900 k kilometres) and founded the nation of "Australia".
On the afternoon of Friday, 18th January 1788, 252 days after leaving Portsmouth, the 70 feet long brig, H.M.S. Supply led the eleven ships of the First Fleet into Botany Bay, Australia. On Friday, 25th January, the H.M.S. Supply made history by being the first ship to sail into Port Jackson where she dropped anchor at Sydney Cove, (now Circular Quay) at 7 p.m.
The following morning at day-break, Commander in Chief Arthur Phillip and his party went ashore and raised the Union Flag which marked the first settlement of Europeans in Australia.
The other ten ships arrived in Sydney Cove late that afternoon, after experiencing difficulties in getting out of Botany Bay.
When the First Fleet sailed into the English Channel on the 13th May 1787, it was made up of the following 11 ships:-
Alexander (Barque-built)- Convict Transport - 453 Tons (ref a) 452 (ref k), 114 ft. (34.75m.) long and 31 ft.(9.5m) at the beam.
Deptford survey in October 1786 recorded her measurements of 7'3" between decks afore, 6'11" midships and abaft.
Carried: Crew ± 30 + 20 others + 195 male convicts. (245) (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states there was 30 Seamen, 35 Marines and 194 Convicts (259) 14?
Skippered by: Master Duncan Sinclair - Owner: William Walton & Co.
Built as a 3 master-square rig, 1 quarter deck ± 114 x 31ft and 2 decks without galleries or figurehead, and was registered at Hull in 1783.
The largest ship of the fleet, and little is known after her return to England and disappeared from records in 1808.
Borrowdale Store Ship - 272 Tons (a) 275 (k), ref 1
75-ft. (22.7m.) long and 22-ft. (6.7m.) beam.
Deptford survey in 1785 recorded her 272k. Height between decks after 5'8", midships 5'9", abaft 6'9"
Carried: 20 crew + 4 others. (24) (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 22 men.
Skippered by: Master Readthorn Hobson Reed.
Built at Sunderland in 1785.
Very little is known of this ship's history and she disappeared from records after returning to England.
Charlotte Convict Transport - 346 Tons (a) 335 (k), 105-ft. (32m.) long and 28-ft. (8.5m.) beam.
When surveyed at Deptford Yard on 3 November 1786 measured 6'6' afore, amid and abaft and weighed 345 tons.
Carried: Crew ± 30 + 45 others + 88 male and 20 female convicts. (183) (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 30 Seamen, 42 Marines, 86 Male and 20 Female Convicts. (178)
Skippered by: Master Thomas Gilbert (qv)
Built in 1784, A three masted fully square rigged with neither galleries or figurehead, whereabouts not known
After her return to England she was sold to a Quebec merchant in 1818 and was lost off the coast of Newfoundlands in Nov. 1818
Fishburn Store Ship - 378 Tons (a) (k), 103 ft. (31.4m) long, 29 ft. (8.8m) beam,
According to her 1786 Deptford survey, was 6'1' between decks afore, 5'9' midships and 7'1' abaft
Carried 28 people. (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 22 Men
Skippered by: Master Robert Brown, Owner: Leighton Co.
Built at Whitby in 1780.
Like the other store ships, after her epic voyage, she returned to England and disappeared from records.
Friendship Convict Transport - 278 Tons (a) 274 (k) 75 ft. (22.9m.) long, 23 ft. (7.0m.) beam, carried 73 people + 76 male and 21 female convicts. (170) (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 25 Seamen, 40 Marines, 76 and 21 Female Convicts (162)
Skippered by: Master Francis Walton,
Little is known about where and when the Scarborough was built c. 1784
During her return voyage to England her crew came down with scurvy Ref. 3 and with insufficient crew to man her she was scuttled and sunk in the Straits of Macassar 28 Oct 1788
Golden Grove Store Ship - 331 Tons (a) 375 (k), 103-ft. (31.4m.) long, 29-ft. (8.8m.) beam, carried 27 people. (ref *)
Lt. P. G King's Journal states 22 Men
Skippered by: Master Sharp, Owner: Leighton Co.
Built at Whitby in 1780
The Golden Grove had the distinction of carrying the Reverend and his wife to the Colony.
Returned to England to work the London - Jamaica run and disappeared from records after 1804.
Lady Penrhyn Convict Transport - 338 Tons (a) 333 (k), 103 ft. (31.4m.) long and 27 ft. (8.23m.) beam, carried 82 people + 101 female convicts. (183) (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 30 Seamen, 3 Officers of Ms and 101 Female Convicts (134)
Skippered by: Master William Sever
built at the Thames in 1786.
Returned to England and put on the London - Jamaica run and was captured in 1811 in the west Indies.
.
Prince of Wales Convict Transport - 334 (a) Tons 350 (k), 103 ft. (31.4m.) long, 29 ft. (8.8m.) beam and carried 90 people + 49 female and 1 male convicts. (140) (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states [*] Seamen 29 Mars, 2 Male 47 Female Convicts (78)
Skippered by: Master John Mason
built at the Thames in 1786.
After her return to England she operated there until 1797 when her registration was transferred to Fort Royal, Martinique after which little is known
Scarborough Convict Transport - 418 Tons (a) 430 (k), 111 ft. (33.8m.) long, 30 ft. (9.1m.) beam and carried 54 people + 208 male convicts (262) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 30 Seaman, 44 Marines and 205 Male Convicts (279) (ref *)
Skippered by: Master John Marshall - Owners: Thomas George & John Hopper
Built at Scarborough in 1782.
The "Scarborough" sailed back to England and returned to Port Jackson in the Second Fleet in June 1800.
She was the only ship of the First Fleet to return to Australia apart from the "Sirius" and the "Supply" which sailed to Cape Town and back.
The "Scarborough" was eventually broken up in 1798
H.M.S. Supply (armed render) - Brig - 170 Tons (k), 70 ft. (21.3m.) long and 26 ft. (7.92m) beam, 8 Guns and carried 50 people. (ref *) Lt. P. G King's Journal states 50 Men
Skippered by: Henry Lidgbird Ball
Little is known about this brig's early history.
It appears she was built in America about 1759 and was commissioned by the Admiralty in October 1786.
The smallest ship of the fleet, but the fastest, she led the fleet during most of the arduous voyage.
Arrived at Botany Bay on the 18th January 1788 after a journey of 182 days.
The "Supply" remained as one of colony's ships and was eventually broken up in Port Jackson in 1807.
H.M.S. Sirius : (Armed Flag Ship) - 540 Tons (k), 110 ft. (33.5m.), 32 ft. (9.8m.) beam, 20 guns, and carried 180 people.
(ref *1)
Built with 3 Masts- Mainmast 77'7", Foremast 70'7", Mizenmast 66'8" having 8 main Yards sizes
ranging from 56'3" to 26'3", Bowsprit (front pointing boom) 47'10", Flying Jib Boom (rear boom)
35'10"
NOTE: Any picture with any more or less than 8 mail sails with cross Yards, is not a true
account in picture of the Sirius. Refs *4
Armament:
Sixteen 6-pounder carriage guns, six 18-pounder carronades and eight swivel guns.
200 short land muskets and 12 sergeants carbines.
Ship's Company:
3 Captains, 3 Lieutenants, 1 Master, 1 Boatswain, 1 Carpenter, 1 gunner, 1 Surgeon, 3 Master's
Mates, 9 Midshipmen, 2 Surgeon's Mates, 1 Captain's clerk, 1 Master at Arms, 1 Corporal,
1 Armourer, 3 do Mates, 1 Sail Maker, 1 Perser, 1 do Steward, 3 Boatswain's Mates. 3 do Carpenters,
2 do Gunners, 6 Carpenter's crew, 1 Cook, 1 Coxswain, 6 Quarter Masters, 4 Quarter Gunners,
79 Seaman, 22 Marines, 1 Subaltern, 1 Sergeant, 1 Corporal, 1 Drummer, Total 160, but at
a muster at sea in August 1787 a total of 136 men could be found on board.
Skippered by: Captain John Hunter.
Built in 1780 as the "Berwick" for the East India trade.
She was badly burnt in a fire and was bought and rebuilt by the Navy in 1786 and renamed "Sirius".
Sirius's hull was well built of teakwood and her bottom was covered in copper. She was painted bright yellow with a broad black band near the waterline.
After her arrival in Port Jackson she remained as a supply ship and sailed to the Cape of Good Hope in October 1788 to obtain food supplies for the starving colony.
After returning, she was eventually wrecked off Norfolk Island during a gale on the 14th April 1790.
26 Jan 1788 Botany Bay
LA BOUSSOLE (Compass) - Master: Jean François de la Perouse
L'ASTROLABE - Master: Captain de Clonard.
Footnotes:
1
Many books, charts and pictures have shown the Borrowdale as 372 tons when fact she was only 272 tons (a). As such, many pictures have shown her as 3 Masted, when in fact she was about the same length as the Friendship. - H.M.S. Supply, Friendship have been drawn with 2 main masts.
ref *1
Shipping Arrivals & Departures Sydney, 1788-1825 by J.S.Cumpston, Published 1977, Canberra, National Library of Australia.
From:
"An account of English Colony in New South Wales" By Lt. Colonel David Collins Vol I
The number of Convicts given, are usually the numbers landed in Sydney.
2
One of Australia's Great Artist - Mr Frank Allen was a self-taught artist, who was brought up on an island off the Queensland coast and spent most of his younger years at sea where he developed a fascination for old sailing ships. Whilst later working life has been spent as a commercial artist, his spare time has been devoted to the study of Maritime history.
The project of painting the ships of the First Fleet involved many long hours of research and hundreds of sketches, before pencil was transformed to watercolour.
No plans or draughts, apart from H.M.S. (His/Her Majesty Ship) Sirius and Supply, these having been bought by the Navy - records have survived over 200 years and still exists. The other 9 merchant ships had no central body to keep details at that time.
Throughout 2 years of study history books and sketching details. It was possible to build a fairly accurate picture of shipbuilding of that period. In some instances, as in the case of the "Borrowdale" it was not possible to determine, even though this research, as to whether it had a figurehead, scroll-head or neither. As a consequence, it was painted in stern view, so as not be historically misleading.
With this information at hand it was possible to depict accurately the people on board in correct perspective to the ship's size and makes one realise how unbelievably courageous the forefathers of Australia were.
Ref *4
The Sirius Past and Present by Graeme Henderson and Myra Stanbury
3
Scurvy: A vitamin C Deficiency
All fresh fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C or ascorbic acid.
Symptoms: A person with scurvy tends to become very weak and anaemic, to have spongy gums and subject to haemorrhages, especially about the joints and beneath the skin, The joint haemorrhages cause severe pain, and sometimes lead to the diagnosis of rheumatism or arthritis.
In early times it was the greatest killer of seaman and was not uncommon to take more than 50 % of the crew.
(a) = Admiralty
(k) = from the journals of Lt. P.G.King, Royal Navy
Ref: Table
Total number of identified First Fleeters
From
The Founders of Australia
By
Mollie Gillen - 1989 - 624 pages "Australia's Reference Bible"
The legion "Mollie Gillen, born Mollie Woolnough, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Mollie now lives in Canada
Mollie's First Fleet ancestor was First Fleeter - John Small
Facts
Matthew Flinders was the first person to use the word "Australia" on a map, when he and the little boat "Investigator " circumnavigated New Holland (Australia) in 1802/3
Governor Macquarie was the first person to write "Australia" in a record book.
Before then it was mostly known as "New South Wales" or "Botany Bay".
Conclusion:
How many people did leave England and how many arrived at Botany Bay?
We know from some records there was 69 deaths and 22 Born on Voyage.
Shipping records show 1,492 people arrived in 1788 (this includes crews, marines and passages)
This number had to be very accurate for victualling needs, as we all know they nearly starved.
Mollie Gillen quotes about 1483 reached Sydney Cove
There was 22 Births during the voyage and of those only 2 died before Botany Bay.
Therefore:
= 1492
- 22 Children Born
= 1470
+ 69 Deaths, Discharged or Ran on Voyage.
= 1539
Therefore approximately 1539 people left England in 1787 for New South Wales. With about 9 not accounted for.
Lt. King Quoted 1366 and 3 ships having a crew of 22.
It must be remembered that some Gentlemen had cabin boys that may not have been counted when the Fleet left England
How many dogs were lost during the voyage?
Sea Terms used in shipping
| Abaft |
- means a position to the rear on a ship. |
| Abeam |
- is the position of an object seen on either side of the ship near an imaginary line drawn across its middle. |
| About
|
- is the direction opposite to that in, which a ship is sailing. |
| Aft |
- means toward the rear or stern of a ship. |
| Aloft |
- means above the main or top deck of a ship. |
| Amidships
|
- is the middle of a vessel, referring either to its length or its width. |
| Ballast |
- is any material used to keep a ship stable, or steady. |
| Beam |
- is the width of a ship’s hull measured at the widest point. |
| Belaying Pin
|
- pin fitted to a rail to secure a rope
|
| Below |
- means beneath the main deck. |
| Bermuda Rig
|
- rig with a triangular mainsail, as used on cruising and racing vessels
|
| Bilgewell or Bilge
|
- is the lowest part of a hold or compartment, generally where the rounded side of a ship curves from the keep to the vertical sides. |
| Binnacle |
- is a stand near the steering wheel that holds a magnetic compass, compensating magnets, and a light. |
| Bitts |
- are deck fittings, usually found in pairs, used to secure mooring lines to the ship. |
Boatswain
Bon's
|
- person in charge of equipment, maintenance and deck crews
|
| Bow |
- is the front of a ship. |
| Bridge |
- is the platform above the main deck from which a ship is steered and navigated. |
| Bulkhead
|
- is a wall or partition that separates rooms, holds, or tanks within the hull of a ship. |
| Bulwark |
- is the part of a ship’s side that extends fore and aft above the main deck to form a rail. |
| Capstan |
- is a revolving wooden or steel drum mounted on a vertical axel on deck. Sailors use capstans as pulleys to help move heave objects with ropes.
|
Caulk,
Pay
|
- to waterproof the hull or seal the seams of a wooden ship, as with tar or pitch
|
| Chain Locker
|
- is the compartment in the hull of a ship where the anchor chain is stored. |
| Companionway |
- includes the steps leading from deck to deck, and the space taken up by the steps. |
| Crow’s Nest |
- is a lookout platform on a mast. |
| Davit
|
- is one of a pair of cranes used to hold lifeboats and to lower them over the side of a ship. |
| Deck
|
- is one of the floor like horizontal surfaces of a ship. |
| Draft
|
- is the depth of water that a ship needs to float. It is also the distance from the keel to the water line. |
| Figurehead
|
- is a half body and head of a living thing that was put on the bow of the ship. Common ones were:- Mermaids, Dolphins, Greek Gods, Kings or Queens.
|
| Forecastle (FOHKs’) |
- is the forward part of the ship, usually in the bow. |
| Forepeak
|
- is the space below the forecastle in the bow. |
| Forward
|
- means toward the front of an object of a ship. It is opposite of abaft. |
| Freeboard |
- is the distance from the water line to the main deck. |
| Gangway |
- is an opening in the rail or bulwarks of a ship through which people walk on and off. |
| Gear
|
- is a ship’s ropes, blocks, and tackles, or a sailor’s personal belongings. |
| Gunwalt (GUNEL) |
- is the upper edge of ships or boat’s side or rail,
|
| Hatchway
|
- is an opening in the deck through which cargo is lowered into or raised out of a hold. |
| Hawsepipe
|
- is a pipe or channel in each side of the bow through which anchor chains run from the chain locker to the anchors. |
| Hawser
|
- rope or cable used in mooring or towing a ship
|
| Heads
|
- Seaman's latrine in the ships bows or two promenade points of land leading to head of a river or stream.
|
| Helm
|
- ship's steering equipment, tiller or wheel
|
| Hold
|
- is the space below decks where cargo is stored. |
| Hill |
- is the body of a ship, not including superstructure, mast and machinery. |
| Hulk
|
- ship of a heavy and awkward design
|
| Hull |
- main body or shell of a ship
|
| Inboard |
- means toward the centre of a ship. |
| Keel |
- is the steel backbone of a ship. It runs along the lowest part of the hull from the bow to the stern. |
| Lee or Leeward |
- means the direction toward which the wind is blowing across a ship. The lee side of a ship is the side away from the wind. |
| List |
- occurs when a vessel leans to one side. |
| Mooring
|
- means trying a ship to a pier, to a buoy, or to another vessel. |
| Old salt |
- A seaman who is regarded having spent a long time at sea. |
| Perser |
- ship's officer supervising of food and provisions
|
| Pitching
|
- is the fore-and-aft rocking of a ship. |
| Poop Deck
|
- is a short deck raised above the main deck at the stern. |
| Port |
- is the left side of the shop facing forward.
|
| Porthole |
- is a round window in a ship’s side, fitted with glass and metal covers. |
| Quarter |
- is either side of a ship near the stern. |
| Quarterdeck |
- is the part of the upper deck that extends from the mainmast aft between the amidships house, or cabin, and the poop deck. |
| Rigging |
- the fixed ropes and wires holding the masts are called standing rigging. The movable ropes that operate booms are funning rugging. |
| Rolling |
- is the side-to-side motion of a ship. |
| Scuttle Butt |
- is a drinking fountain on a ship. It also means a ship’s gossip. |
| Seaworthy |
- describes a vessel that can meet the usual conditions found at sea. |
| Ship’s Bell |
- signals the time on a vessel. A ship’s day consists of four-hour watches. Watches change at eight bells, or 12, 4 and 8 o’clock. |
| Shipshape |
- means neat, or in proper order. |
| Shrouds
|
- ropes or cables supporting the mast on a ship or boat
|
| Starboard |
- is the right side of a ship facing forward. |
| Stay |
- is a wire or rope used to support a mast or spar of a ship. |
| Stern
|
- is the rear of the ship. |
| Superstructure
|
- is the part of a ship that extends above the main deck. |
| Tackle
|
- ship's rigging
|
| Taffrail |
- is the bulwark around a ship’s stern, |
| Topside |
- means on or above the main deck.
|
| Water Line |
- is the point on the hull that the water reaches when a ship is floating normally. |
| Windward
|
- is the direction toward the wind, or opposite to lee. The windward side of a ship is the side from which the wind is blowing.
|
Our Governors of New South Wales from 1788 - 2004
|
Captain Arthur Phillip, Royal Navy |
Jan. 1788 - Dec. 1792 |
|
Major Francis Grose |
Dec. 1792 - Dec. 1794 |
|
Captain William Paterson, New South Wales Corps. |
Dec. 1794 - Sept. 1795 |
|
Captain John Hunter, Royal Navy |
Sept. 1795 - Sept. 1800 |
|
Captain Philip Gidley King, Royal Navy |
Sept. 1800 - Aug. 1806 |
|
Captain William Bligh, Royal Navy
During Governor Bligh's suspension, the Government was administered By:
Major George Johnstone;
Major Foveaux
Colonel William Paterson
|
Aug. 1806 - Jan. 1810
|
|
Major-General Lachlan Macquarie |
Jan. 1810 - Dec. 1821 |
|
Colonel W. Stewart, 3rd regiment of Buffs (Administrator) |
Dec. 1825 - 18th Dec. 1825 |
|
Major-General Sir Thomas M. Brisbane |
Dec. 1821 - Nov. 1825 |
|
Lieut.-General Sir Ralph Darling |
Nov. 1825 - Dec. 1831 |
|
Colonel P. Lindesay C.B. (Administrator) |
22nd Oct. 1831 - 2nd Dec. 1831 |
|
Major-General Sir Richard Bourke K.C.B. |
Dec. 1831 - Oct. 1837 |
|
Lieut-Colonel K. Snodgrass (Administrator) |
6th Dec. 1837 - 23rd Feb. 1838 |
|
Sir George Gipps |
Oct. 1837 - Jan. 1855 |
|
Sir Maurice Charles O'Connell (Administrator) |
12 Jul. 1846 - 2nd Aug. 1846 |
|
Sir Charles Augustus Fitzroy |
3 Aug. 1846 - 20 Jan. 1855 |
|
Sir William Thomas Denison |
20 Jan. - 22 Jan. 1861 |
|
Rt. Hon. Sir John Young |
16 May 1861 - 24 Dec. 1867 |
|
Rt. Hon. Somerset Richard, Earl of Belmore |
8 Jan.1868 - 21 Feb. 1872 |
|
Sir Hercules George Robert Robinson: |
3 June 1872 - 19 Mar. 1879 |
|
Rt. Hon. Sir August Loftus |
4 Aug. 1879 - 9 Nov. 1885 |
|
Rt. Hon. Charles Robert, Baron Carrington |
12 Dec. 1885 - 3 Nov. 1890 |
|
Rt. Hon. Victor George, Earl of Jersey |
15 Jan. 1891 - 2 Mar. 1893 |
|
Rt. Hon. Sir Robert Duff |
29 May 1893 - 15 Mar. 1895 |
|
Rt. Hon Henry Robert, Viscount Hampden |
21 Nov. 1895 - 5 Mar. 1899 |
|
Rt. Hon. William, Earl Beauchamp |
18 May 1899 - 30 Apr. 1901 |
|
Admiral Sir Harry Rawson |
27 May 1902 - 27 May 1909 |
|
Rt. Hon. Frederick Napier, Baron Chelsford |
28 May 1909 - 11 Mar. 1913 |
|
Sir Gerald Strickland, Count Della Catena |
14 Mar. 1913 - 27 Oct. 1917 |
|
Sir Walter Davidson |
18 Feb. 1918 - 4 Sept. 1923 |
|
Admiral Sir Dudley de Chair |
28 Feb. 1924 - 7 Apr. 1930 |
|
Air Vice-Marshall Sir Philip Game |
29 May 1930 - 15 Jan. 1935 |
|
Sir Alexander Hore-Ruthven |
21 Feb. 1935 - 22 Jan. 1936 |
|
Admiral Sir Murray Anderson |
6 Aug. 1936 - 29 Oct. 1936 |
|
Rt. Hon Baron Wakehurst |
8 Apr. 1937 - 8 Jan. 1946 |
|
Lt.-Gen. Sir John Northcott |
1 Aug. 1946 - 31 July 1957 |
|
Lt.-Gen. Sir Eric Woodward |
1 Aug. 1957 - 31 July 1965 |
|
Sir Arthur Roden Cutler V.C. |
20 Jan. 1966 - 19 Jan. 1981 |
|
Air Marshall Sir James Rowland |
20 Jan. 1981 - 20 Jan. 1989 |
|
Rear Admiral Sir David Martin K.C.M.G. A.O. *1 |
20 Jan. 1989 - 7 Aug. 1990 |
|
Rear Admiral Peter Sinclair *2 |
8 Aug. 199O - 29 Feb. 1996 |
|
Rt. Hon. Gordon John Samuels |
1 Mar. 1996 - 28 Feb. 2001 |
|
Professor Marie Bashir |
1 Mar. 2001 - to the present. |
|
Total 37 |
|
*1 A descendant from the First Fleet in 1788 (Number 34 in line)
*2 A descendant from the First Fleet in 1788 (Number 35 in line)
SCALES of JUSTICE for CONVICTS 1788
Offences for which People could be sentenced to Transportation 1760 - 1790
Crimes denominated as single felonies; punishable by transportation, Whipping, imprisonment, the Pillory, Hard Labour in houses of correction, according to the nature of the offence.
Principal crimes:
 |
Aliens returning after being ordered out of the kingdom.
|
|
|
Assaulting and Cutting or Burning Clothes
|
|
|
Assaulting with an intent to Rob
|
|
|
Bigamy, having more than one Husband or Wife.
|
|
|
Counterfeiting
|
|
|
Cutting or stealing Timber Trees and etc.
|
|
|
Embezzling Navel Stores.
|
|
|
Grand Larceny, which -
comprehends every species of thief above the value of 1 Shilling,
not otherwise distinguished.
|
|
|
Manslaughter, or killing another without Malice.
|
|
|
Marriage, solemnizing clandestinely (secret marriage).
|
|
|
Petty Larcenies, or thefts. Under One Shilling.
|
|
|
Receiving or buying Stolen Goods, Jewels and Plate and etc.
|
|
|
Ripping and stealing Lead, Iron, Copper and other precious metals. Or buying or receiving metals.
|
|
|
Stealing or receiving when stolen, Ore from black lead mines.
|
|
|
Stealing from Furnished Lodgings.
|
|
|
Setting fire to Underwood.
|
|
|
Stealing Letters or destroying a letter or Packet, advancing the postage and secreting money.
|
|
|
Stealing Fish from a Pond or river, fishing in enclosed Ponds and buying stolen Fish.
|
|
|
Stealing Roots, Trees or plants of the value of 5 Shillings or destroying them.
|
|
|
Stealing Children with their apparel.
|
|
|
Stealing a shroud out of a Grave.
|
|
|
Watermen carrying too many passengers in the Thames, if any drowned.
|
Select Documents in Australian History 1788 - 1850
By Professor C. M.H. Clarke 1977
Ref P.Colquhoun: "A Treatise on the Police of the Metropolis" pp. 440-1
Crimes Punishable by Death.
|
|
Treason, and Petty Treason Under the former of these is including the offence of
Counterfeiting the Gold and silver Coin
|
|
|
Murder
|
|
|
Arson, or wilfully and maliciously burning a House, Barns with Corn &c.
|
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Rape, or the forcible violation of Chastity, &c.
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Stealing an Heiress
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Sodomy, a crime against nature, committed either with man or beast
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Piracy, or robbing of ships and vessels at sea
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Forgery of Deeds, Bonds, Bills, Notes, Public Securities &c. &c.
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Destroying Ships, or setting them on Fire
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Bankrupts not surrending, or concealing their Effects
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Burglary, or House Breaking in the night time
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Privately Stealing or Picking Pockets above one Shilling
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Shop Lifting above Five Shillings
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Stealing Bonds, Bills or Bank Notes
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Stealing above 40s. in any House
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Stealing above 40s. on the River
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Stealing Linen, &c. from Bleaching Grounds, &c. or destroying Linen therein
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Maiming or Killing Cattle maliciously
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Stealing Horses, Cattle or Sheep
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Shooting at a Revenue Officer, or at any other person
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Pulling down Houses,Churches, &c.
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Breaking down the head of a Fish-Pond, whereby may be lost
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Cutting down Trees in an Avenue, Garden, &c.
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Cutting down River or Sea Banks
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Cutting Hop Binds
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Setting fire to coal mines
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Taking a Reward for helping another to Stolen Goods, in certain cases
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Returning from Transportation: or being at large in the Kingdom after Sentence
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Stabbing a Person unarmed, or nor having a weapon drawn, if he die in six months
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Concealing the death of a Bastard Child
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Maliciously maiming or disfiguring any person, &c., lying in wait for that purpose
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Sending Threatening Letters
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Riots by twelve or more, and not dispersing in an hour after proclamation
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Being accessaries to Felonies deemed capital
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Stealing Woollen Cloth from Tender Grounds
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Stealing from a ship in Distress
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Government Stores, embezzling, burning, or destroying in Dock-Yards
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Challenging Jurors above 20 in capital felonies; or standing mute
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Cottons selling with forged Stamps
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Deer-Stealing, second offence; or even first offence not usually enforced
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Uttering counterfeit Money, third offence
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Prisoners under Insolvent Acts guilty of perjury
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Destroying Silk or Velvet in the loom
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Servants purloining their Masters' Goods, value 40s.
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Personating Bail, or acknowledging fines or judgments in another's name
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Attempting to kill Privy Counsellors, &c.
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Sacrilege
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Smuggling by persons armed, or assembling armed for the purpose
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Robbery of the Mail
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Destroying Turnpikes or Bridges, Gates, Weighing Engines, Locks, Sluices,
Engines for draining Marshes, &c. |
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Mutiny, Desertion, &c. by Martial and Statute Law
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Soldiers or Sailors enlisting into Foreign Services
Tunks Descendants Association Inc.
Archivist Marian Perrem is continually updating the Tunks Family Tree records. The last version has 6,508 individual records. Marian has revealed some interesting data: Of the 6,508 individual names listed to date, 4,483 are direct descendants and 2,025 are spouses they married.
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GENERATION |
DESCENDANTS |
SPOUSES |
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(1st) |
1 |
1 |
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(2nd) |
3 |
4 |
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(3rd) |
26 |
24 |
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(4th) |
174 |
99 |
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(5th) |
367 |
263 |
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(6th) |
680 |
545 |
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(7th) |
1175 |
692 |
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(8th) |
1369 |
342 |
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(9th) |
597 |
55 |
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(10th) |
91 |
0 |
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Totals |
4,483 |
2,025 |
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Grand Total |
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6,508 |
NOTE, the 7th generation coincides with Australia's 'Baby Boomer' Era but the 8th generation that produced the most direct descendants.
For further information contact: Marian Perrem - Email: marianperrem@bigpond.com
"Through their willingness, hard work, desires and faith, turned this rugged country into what it is today."
"Long live their hearts and soles"
"The survivors, their children's children created our heritage."
The fellowship is the descendants and families of the First Fleet that arrived in Sydney Cove in
1788
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